Best Eco-Friendly Dog Beds for Sustainable Living

Choosing the best eco-friendly dog beds means looking for sustainable materials like organic cotton, hemp, recycled plastics, natural latex, or wool. These beds reduce environmental impact, offer non-toxic comfort for your pet, and often boast superior durability. Prioritize certifications like GOTS or CertiPUR-US for genuine sustainability and pet safety.

Are you looking for a way to make your home more sustainable? Maybe you’ve already switched to reusable bags or energy-efficient light bulbs. But what about your furry friend? Our pets are part of our families, and their products also have an impact on the planet. Finding a dog bed that’s kind to the Earth and cozy for your canine can feel tricky. You want the best for your dog, but you also want to make responsible choices. Don’t worry; it’s easier than you think to find a great eco-friendly option. This guide will walk you through everything you need to know, from understanding materials to picking the perfect bed for your beloved pet.

Best Eco-Friendly Dog Beds for Sustainable Living

Making sustainable choices for our pets is becoming increasingly important. Just like human products, pet products can contribute to waste and pollution. An eco-friendly dog bed isn’t just a trend; it’s a conscious decision to support the planet and often, your pet’s health. These beds are made with materials and processes that minimize environmental harm, from sourcing to disposal. They typically avoid harsh chemicals, synthetic dyes, and excessive waste, offering a healthier sleeping environment for your dog and a lighter footprint on Earth.

Why Choose an Eco-Friendly Dog Bed?

Opting for an eco-friendly dog bed goes beyond just being “green.” It brings a host of benefits for the environment, your pet, and even your wallet in the long run.

Environmental Impact Reduction

Traditional dog beds often use materials like virgin polyester fill, synthetic fabrics, and non-biodegradable foams. The production of these materials can consume vast amounts of energy, water, and petrochemicals, leading to significant carbon emissions and pollution. When these beds wear out, they typically end up in landfills, where they can take hundreds of years to decompose, if at all.

Eco-friendly dog beds, on the other hand, focus on sustainable alternatives. This includes using recycled materials, which diverts waste from landfills and reduces the need for new raw materials. Organic and natural fibers are grown without harmful pesticides and chemicals, protecting soil and water quality. Choosing these beds supports sustainable agriculture and manufacturing practices, contributing to a healthier planet for everyone. It’s a small change that collectively makes a big difference in reducing the overall ecological footprint of pet ownership.

Pet Health Benefits (Non-Toxic & Hypoallergenic)

Many conventional dog beds contain materials treated with flame retardants, formaldehyde, phthalates, and other volatile organic compounds (VOCs). These chemicals can off-gas into your home environment, potentially causing respiratory issues, skin irritations, allergies, or even more serious health problems for your dog over time. Dogs spend a significant portion of their lives sleeping, often in direct contact with their beds, making exposure a real concern.

Eco-friendly dog beds prioritize your pet’s well-being by using non-toxic materials. Organic cotton, natural latex, and wool are free from synthetic pesticides and harsh chemical treatments. These natural fibers are often inherently hypoallergenic, making them an excellent choice for dogs with sensitive skin or allergies. By choosing a bed free from harmful chemicals, you provide a safer, healthier, and more comfortable resting place for your beloved companion, potentially reducing their exposure to common irritants and toxins.

Durability and Longevity

While some might assume “eco-friendly” means less durable, the opposite is often true. Many sustainable materials are chosen for their inherent strength and resilience. For instance, organic cotton and hemp are known for their robust fibers, which can withstand repeated washing and daily wear and tear better than some synthetic alternatives. Natural latex is incredibly resilient and maintains its shape and support for years without breaking down.

Investing in a high-quality, eco-friendly dog bed often means you’re buying a product designed to last. This extended lifespan reduces the need for frequent replacements, saving you money in the long run and further reducing waste. A durable bed not only offers better value but also ensures consistent comfort and support for your dog throughout its life.

Key Materials for Sustainable Dog Beds

The heart of an eco-friendly dog bed lies in its materials. Understanding these options helps you make an informed choice that aligns with your values.

Organic Cotton and Hemp

* Organic Cotton: Grown without synthetic pesticides, herbicides, or GMOs, organic cotton is soft, breathable, and gentle on sensitive skin. Its production uses less water and energy than conventional cotton and supports healthier ecosystems. Look for GOTS (Global Organic Textile Standard) certification to ensure the entire supply chain meets strict organic and social criteria.
* Hemp: An incredibly strong and durable fiber, hemp requires very little water and no pesticides to grow. It’s naturally resistant to mold, mildew, and pests, making it an excellent choice for dog beds. Hemp fabric softens with age, becoming more comfortable over time, and is highly breathable.

Both organic cotton and hemp are biodegradable, meaning they will break down naturally at the end of their life cycle, returning to the earth without leaving harmful residues.

Recycled Plastics (PET)

Recycled PET (polyethylene terephthalate) is commonly used for the fill or outer fabric of eco-friendly dog beds. This material is made from post-consumer plastic bottles, diverting them from landfills and oceans. The bottles are cleaned, shredded, melted, and spun into new fibers.

* Benefits: Reduces plastic waste, less energy-intensive than producing virgin polyester, durable, water-resistant, and often very soft. It’s a great way to give plastic a second life.
* Considerations: While excellent for recycling, PET is still a plastic. Look for brands that ensure the material is free from harmful chemicals during processing and consider its end-of-life plan, though recycling facilities for textiles can be limited.

Natural Latex and Wool

* Natural Latex: Derived from the sap of rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis), natural latex is a renewable resource. It’s incredibly durable, resilient, and provides excellent orthopedic support, conforming to your dog’s body while maintaining its shape. Natural latex is also naturally hypoallergenic, dust mite resistant, and breathable. Look for certifications like GOLS (Global Organic Latex Standard) to ensure it’s truly natural and sustainably sourced.
* Wool: A natural, renewable, and biodegradable fiber, wool offers excellent insulation, keeping pets warm in winter and cool in summer. It’s naturally flame-resistant, moisture-wicking, and resistant to dust mites and mold. Sustainably sourced wool comes from sheep raised using ethical farming practices.

Both natural latex and wool are premium materials that offer superior comfort and longevity, making them excellent long-term investments.

Bamboo

Bamboo is a fast-growing, renewable resource that requires minimal water and no pesticides to thrive. It can be processed into soft, breathable fabrics or used in other forms.

* Bamboo Fabric: Often used for bed covers, bamboo fabric is incredibly soft, naturally hypoallergenic, and has excellent moisture-wicking properties, making it comfortable for dogs.
* Bamboo Fill: Some beds use bamboo fiber as a filling, offering a sustainable and comfortable alternative to synthetic fills.

When choosing bamboo, it’s important to understand the processing method. Mechanical processing is more eco-friendly than chemical processing (which can create rayon/viscose from bamboo).

Upcycled/Repurposed Materials

Some innovative brands create dog beds from upcycled or repurposed materials. This could include:

* Upcycled Denim: Old jeans or denim scraps are transformed into durable and stylish dog beds.
* Repurposed Furniture Fabric: Scraps or discarded upholstery fabric given a new life.
* Industrial Byproducts: Materials that would otherwise be discarded from other manufacturing processes are repurposed.

These beds are unique, reduce waste significantly, and often support local artisans or small businesses. They embody the circular economy principle by giving materials a second chance.

Here’s a table summarizing the pros and cons of these key materials:

Material Pros Cons Best For
Organic Cotton Soft, breathable, hypoallergenic, biodegradable, no pesticides. Can absorb moisture, may not be as durable as hemp/latex. Sensitive dogs, general comfort.
Hemp Extremely durable, strong, mold/mildew resistant, low water/pesticide use, biodegradable. Can be coarser initially, higher cost. Chewers, active dogs, long-lasting investment.
Recycled PET Diverts plastic from landfills, durable, often water-resistant, soft. Still plastic, limited textile recycling options at end-of-life. Budget-conscious, reducing plastic waste.
Natural Latex Excellent orthopedic support, durable, hypoallergenic, dust mite resistant, breathable, renewable. Higher cost, heavier, some dogs may have a mild latex sensitivity (rare). Senior dogs, dogs with joint issues, long-term comfort.
Wool Natural insulation, moisture-wicking, flame-resistant, renewable, biodegradable. Higher cost, requires careful cleaning, can attract moths if not properly cared for. Temperature regulation, hypoallergenic.
Bamboo Fabric/Fill Soft, hypoallergenic, moisture-wicking, fast-growing resource. Processing can be chemical-intensive (rayon/viscose), mechanical processing is better. Sensitive dogs, cooling properties.
Upcycled Materials Significantly reduces waste, unique, supports circular economy. Availability can be limited, consistency in materials may vary. Unique designs, maximum waste reduction.

What to Look for When Buying an Eco-Friendly Dog Bed

Navigating the world of eco-friendly products can be challenging, as “greenwashing” (misleading claims about environmental benefits) is common. Here’s what to consider to ensure you’re making a genuinely sustainable and high-quality choice.

Certifications and Standards

Certifications are third-party verifications that ensure a product meets specific environmental, social, and health standards. They cut through marketing jargon and provide trustworthy assurance.

* GOTS (Global Organic Textile Standard): The gold standard for organic textiles. It covers the entire supply chain, from harvesting raw materials to environmentally and socially responsible manufacturing, and labeling. If a dog bed cover is GOTS-certified, you know it’s truly organic and produced ethically. You can learn more at global-standard.org.
* Oeko-Tex Standard 100: This certification ensures that textiles and fabrics are free from harmful substances. While not an organic certification, it guarantees that the product is safe for human and pet contact, making it a good indicator for non-toxic materials. Visit oeko-tex.com for details.
* CertiPUR-US: Specifically for foam products, this certification ensures that the foam is made without ozone depleters, PBDEs, TDCPP or TCEP flame retardants, mercury, lead, heavy metals, formaldehyde, and phthalates. It also certifies low VOC (Volatile Organic Compound) emissions for indoor air quality. If a bed uses foam, this is crucial. More info at certipur.us.
* GOLS (Global Organic Latex Standard): Similar to GOTS but for latex. It ensures that latex products are made from organically grown rubber and processed sustainably.

Always look for these logos and verify them if possible. They are your best defense against greenwashing.

Durability and Washability

A truly sustainable product is one that lasts. A dog bed that falls apart quickly, even if made from eco-friendly materials, will end up in a landfill sooner, negating some of its environmental benefits.

* Durable Fabrics: Look for robust weaves like canvas, denim, or heavy-duty hemp. These can withstand scratching, digging, and frequent use.
* Strong Stitching: Reinforced seams and sturdy zippers are signs of a well-made bed.
* Easy to Clean: Removable, machine-washable covers are essential for hygiene and extending the life of the bed. If the entire bed is washable, even better. Check washing instructions carefully; some natural materials require specific care.

Comfort and Support

An eco-friendly bed should still prioritize your dog’s comfort and health.

* Appropriate Size: Ensure the bed is large enough for your dog to stretch out comfortably in all positions.
* Filling Type:
* Orthopedic Support: Natural latex or dense recycled foam can provide excellent support for older dogs or those with joint issues.
* Softness: Organic cotton or wool fill offers plush comfort for younger or smaller dogs.
* Density: The fill should be firm enough to prevent your dog from sinking to the floor but soft enough for comfort.
* Design: Consider your dog’s sleeping habits. Do they like to curl up in a bolster bed, or do they prefer to sprawl out on a flat mat?

Ethical Manufacturing and Supply Chain Transparency

Sustainability isn’t just about materials; it’s also about how and where a product is made.

* Fair Labor Practices: Brands committed to sustainability often extend their values to their workers. Look for mentions of fair wages, safe working conditions, and ethical sourcing throughout their supply chain.
* Reduced Waste in Production: Some companies implement zero-waste initiatives in their manufacturing processes, using fabric scraps for other products or minimizing offcuts.
* Local Production: Buying from companies that manufacture locally reduces transportation emissions and supports local economies.

Check a brand’s “About Us” page or their sustainability report for transparency regarding their manufacturing processes and ethical commitments.

Packaging

Even the packaging matters. A truly eco-friendly product shouldn’t arrive wrapped in excessive plastic.

* Minimal Packaging: Look for beds shipped with minimal packaging.
* Recycled/Recyclable Packaging: Cardboard boxes, paper wrapping, or compostable mailers are excellent choices.
* Plastic-Free: Ideally, the bed should arrive completely plastic-free or use only recycled plastic for protection.

Top Picks: Best Eco-Friendly Dog Beds on the Market

Finding the perfect eco-friendly dog bed means balancing sustainability with your dog’s specific needs. Here are some examples of types of beds that excel in this category, with a focus on their sustainable attributes. Please note that specific product availability and pricing can change, so these are illustrative examples. Always check current listings and reviews.

1. The Organic Cotton & Hemp Dream Bed

* Description: This type of bed typically features a durable outer cover made from a blend of organic cotton and hemp canvas. The fill might be organic cotton batting or a recycled shredded foam that is CertiPUR-US certified. It’s designed for dogs who love to nest or prefer a softer, yet supportive, sleeping surface.
* Sustainable Features: GOTS-certified organic cotton and hemp ensure no harmful chemicals from farm to fabric. The use of recycled fill diverts waste. Biodegradable materials for the cover.
* Why We Love It: Combines natural softness with robust durability. Excellent breathability for year-round comfort. Great for dogs with allergies or sensitive skin due to its non-toxic nature.
* Example Product Type: Organic Cotton Dog Bed (Example)
* *Note: This is a placeholder link. Search for “Organic Cotton Hemp Dog Bed” on Amazon for current options.*

2. The Recycled Bottle Fill Orthopedic Wonder

* Description: These beds often feature a robust, washable cover (sometimes made from recycled PET fabric itself) and are filled with 100% recycled plastic bottle fiber. Many are designed with channeled chambers to prevent the fill from clumping, offering consistent orthopedic support.
* Sustainable Features: Significantly reduces plastic waste by repurposing thousands of plastic bottles. The fill is often durable and maintains loft over time.
* Why We Love It: A fantastic option for dogs needing firm support, especially older dogs or those with joint issues. It’s a direct way to support waste reduction. Often more affordable than natural latex options.
* Example Product Type: Recycled Bottle Fill Dog Bed (Example)
* *Note: This is a placeholder link. Search for “Recycled Plastic Dog Bed” on Amazon for current options.*

3. The Natural Latex Orthopedic Masterpiece

* Description: Considered the ultimate in sustainable comfort and support, these beds feature a core of natural latex foam, often covered with an organic cotton or hemp fabric. The latex is typically shredded or solid, providing excellent pressure relief and durability.
* Sustainable Features: Natural latex is a renewable resource, biodegradable, and free from synthetic chemicals. GOLS certification ensures ethical and organic sourcing.
* Why We Love It: Unparalleled orthopedic support for dogs of all ages, especially beneficial for large breeds or those with arthritis. Highly durable and resistant to dust mites and allergens. A long-term investment in your dog’s health and comfort.
* Example Product Type: Natural Latex Dog Bed (Example)
* *Note: This is a placeholder link. Search for “Natural Latex Dog Bed” on Amazon for current options.*

4. The Upcycled Denim & Wool Lounger

* Description: These unique beds are often handcrafted, utilizing discarded denim for the outer cover and natural wool for the internal fill. The denim provides a sturdy, textured surface, while the wool offers soft, temperature-regulating comfort.
* Sustainable Features: Maximum waste reduction by upcycling materials that would otherwise go to landfill. Wool is a renewable and biodegradable fiber.
* Why We Love It: Each bed is often one-of-a-kind, supporting a circular economy. The combination of denim and wool offers excellent durability and natural comfort. A great choice for those who appreciate artisan-made products.
* Example Product Type: Upcycled Denim Dog Bed (Example on Etsy)
* *Note: This is a placeholder link. Search for “Upcycled Denim Dog Bed” on Etsy or similar craft sites for current options.*

Here’s a comparison table of these top picks:

Bed Type Key Materials Primary Benefit Pros Cons Ideal For
Organic Cotton & Hemp Dream Bed GOTS Organic Cotton, Hemp, Organic Cotton/Recycled Fill Soft, breathable, non-toxic comfort Hypoallergenic, durable cover, eco-certified materials May require more frequent fluffing than foam, can absorb liquids Dogs with allergies, sensitive skin, general comfort
Recycled Bottle Fill Orthopedic Wonder Recycled PET bottles (fill), Recycled PET or durable fabric (cover) Firm, supportive, waste-reducing Excellent for joint support, highly sustainable (waste diversion), often machine washable Fill is still plastic, may not be as soft as natural fibers for some dogs Older dogs, large breeds, dogs needing firm support, budget-conscious eco-buyers
Natural Latex Orthopedic Masterpiece GOLS Natural Latex (core), Organic Cotton/Hemp (cover) Premium orthopedic support & durability Exceptional comfort, long-lasting, naturally hypoallergenic, breathable, highly resilient Higher initial cost, heavier, some rare latex sensitivities Dogs with arthritis/joint issues, large breeds, long-term investment
Upcycled Denim & Wool Lounger Upcycled Denim (cover), Natural Wool (fill) Unique, maximum waste reduction, natural comfort Highly sustainable (circular economy), durable, temperature-regulating wool Availability can be limited, may be more of a “nesting” bed than orthopedic Eco-conscious buyers, dogs who love to nest, supporting small businesses

Making Your Dog Bed More Sustainable

Beyond buying a new eco-friendly bed, there are many ways to embrace sustainability with your existing pet products.

DIY Eco-Friendly Dog Beds

If you’re handy or love a project, creating your own dog bed is a fantastic way to be sustainable and save money.

* Repurpose Old Clothes/Textiles: Gather old blankets, sweaters, towels, or even worn-out jeans. Shred them or cut them into strips to use as a soft, insulating fill for a bed.
* Sew a Cover from Scraps: Use sturdy fabric remnants or old curtains to sew a custom bed cover. Look for natural fibers like cotton or linen.
* Upcycle Furniture: An old drawer, a sturdy wooden crate, or even a vintage suitcase can be transformed into a charming dog bed frame. Add a comfortable, sustainable cushion inside.
* Natural Fillings: Consider natural, compostable fillings like straw (for outdoor beds), dried leaves (ensure non-toxic varieties), or even shredded paper for a temporary, disposable option.

Always ensure any materials you use are clean, non-toxic, and safe for your dog to chew on or ingest, especially if they are prone to destructive chewing.

Extending the Life of Your Dog Bed

The most sustainable product is the one you already own. Making your dog’s current bed last longer is a key part of eco-friendly living.

* Regular Cleaning: Frequent washing (according to care instructions) prevents odors, dirt buildup, and pest infestations, all of which can shorten a bed’s life.
* Use a Protector: A waterproof or highly durable liner under the main cover can protect the internal fill from accidents and wear.
* Repair, Don’t Replace: Learn basic sewing to mend small tears or reinforce weak seams. Replace a broken zipper instead of buying a whole new bed.
* Rotate and Fluff: Regularly rotate and fluff the bed to prevent permanent indentations and uneven wear, maintaining its comfort and support.
* Provide Chew Toys: If your dog is a chewer, ensure they have plenty of appropriate chew toys to redirect their chewing instincts away from their bed.

Proper Disposal and Recycling

When an old dog bed finally reaches the end of its life, how you dispose of it matters.

* Donate (if usable): If the bed is still in good condition but no longer needed, consider donating it to a local animal shelter, rescue group, or charity shop.
* Separate Materials: If possible, separate the cover from the fill.
* Covers: If made from natural fibers (cotton, hemp, wool), these can often be composted (remove zippers/buttons) or recycled at textile recycling centers. If synthetic, check local textile recycling programs.
* Fills:
* Natural Fill (e.g., organic cotton, wool): Can be composted in a backyard compost bin.
* Recycled PET Fill: Some specialized textile recycling facilities can handle this. Check with your local waste management.
* Foam (CertiPUR-US): Some recycling centers accept foam. Look for mattress recycling programs, as they often take foam.
* Landfill (Last Resort): If no other option is available, dispose of it responsibly in your regular waste, but always explore recycling or composting first. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) offers resources on recycling and waste reduction.

Beyond Beds: Other Sustainable Pet Products

Embracing sustainable living for your pet extends far beyond just their bed. Every choice we make for our furry companions can have an environmental impact.

* Eco-Friendly Toys: Look for toys made from natural rubber, organic cotton, hemp, or recycled materials. Avoid toys with excessive plastic packaging or toxic dyes. Many brands offer durable, natural alternatives that are safer for your pet and the planet.
* Sustainable Food Choices: Consider pet foods that use ethically sourced ingredients, support sustainable farming practices, or come in recyclable/compostable packaging. Some brands focus on insect-based proteins or plant-based diets to reduce the carbon footprint associated with traditional meat production.
* Biodegradable Waste Bags: Switch from regular plastic waste bags to compostable or biodegradable options to reduce landfill waste.
* Natural Grooming Products: Choose shampoos, conditioners, and other grooming aids made with natural, organic, and biodegradable ingredients. Avoid products with harsh chemicals, artificial fragrances, or parabens.
* Compostable Litter: For cat owners, explore litter made from recycled paper, corn, or wood pellets, which are often biodegradable and can be composted.
* Sustainable Collars and Leashes: Opt for accessories made from hemp, bamboo, recycled webbing, or sustainably sourced leather. These materials are often more durable and kinder to the environment than conventional nylon or plastic.

Every small choice adds up. By thoughtfully selecting pet products, you contribute to a healthier planet and a more sustainable future for all creatures, big and small. And speaking of creatures, if you’re thinking about expanding your family, you might find our guide on 15 Best Dog Breeds for Kids and Families helpful!

Conclusion: A Paw-sitive Step Towards a Greener Future

Choosing an eco-friendly dog bed is a simple yet powerful way to align your love for your pet with your commitment to sustainable living. It’s a decision that benefits everyone: your dog enjoys a healthier, non-toxic resting place, you contribute to reducing waste and pollution, and the planet gets a little bit greener.

By understanding key materials like organic cotton, hemp, recycled plastics, natural latex, and wool, and by looking for reliable certifications, you can confidently select a bed that truly makes a difference. Remember that durability, ethical manufacturing, and proper disposal are just as important as the initial material choice.

Making sustainable choices for our pets is an ongoing journey. Every eco-conscious product we bring into our homes, from beds to toys and food, helps pave the way for a more responsible and environmentally friendly pet industry. So go ahead, give your furry friend the gift of comfort and sustainability – it’s a choice that feels good for all.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What makes a dog bed “eco-friendly”?

A dog bed is considered “eco-friendly” if it’s made from sustainable, renewable, or recycled materials, produced with minimal environmental impact (e.g., low water/energy use, no harmful chemicals), and designed for durability and eventual biodegradability or recyclability. It prioritizes the health of the planet and your pet.

Q2: Are eco-friendly dog beds more expensive?

Often, eco-friendly dog beds can have a higher upfront cost than conventional beds, especially those made with premium natural materials like organic latex or wool. However, they are typically more durable, last longer, and offer superior comfort and health benefits, making them a cost-effective investment over time. Their longevity reduces the need for frequent replacements.

Q3: How do I clean an eco-friendly dog bed?

Always follow the manufacturer’s specific care instructions. Many eco-friendly beds feature removable, machine-washable covers made from organic cotton or hemp. For natural fills like wool or latex, spot cleaning or professional dry cleaning might be recommended for the inner components. Using eco-friendly, non-toxic detergents is also advisable.

Q4: Can I make my own eco-friendly dog bed?

Absolutely! DIY dog beds are a fantastic way to be sustainable. You can use repurposed materials like old clothes, blankets, or fabric scraps for the cover and filling. Old suitcases, wooden crates, or even sturdy cardboard boxes can be transformed into bed frames. Just ensure all materials are clean, non-toxic, and safe for your dog.

Q5: What certifications should I look for when buying an eco-friendly dog bed?

Look for certifications like GOTS (Global Organic Textile Standard) for organic fabrics, Oeko-Tex Standard 100 for absence of harmful substances, CertiPUR-US for safe foam, and GOLS (Global Organic Latex Standard) for organic latex. These third-party certifications provide reliable assurance of a product’s environmental and health claims.

Q6: How long do eco-friendly dog beds last compared to regular ones?

Generally, high-quality eco-friendly dog beds are designed for superior durability and longevity. Materials like hemp, natural latex, and dense organic cotton are inherently robust and can withstand years of use, often outlasting conventional beds made with cheaper, less resilient synthetic materials. Their extended lifespan is a key aspect of their sustainability.

Q7: Are all “natural” materials truly eco-friendly?

Not always. While “natural” sounds good, it doesn’t automatically mean “eco-friendly.” For example, conventional cotton is natural but can be heavily sprayed with pesticides. Bamboo is natural, but if processed into rayon/viscose using harsh chemicals, its eco-friendliness is diminished. Always look for organic certifications (like GOTS or GOLS) or details about the processing methods to ensure a material is truly sustainable and non-toxic.

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