A dog’s normal body temperature ranges from 101 to 102.5 degrees Fahrenheit (38.3 to 39.2 degrees Celsius). To take their temperature, use a digital rectal thermometer. Lubricate the tip, gently insert it about one inch into their rectum, and hold it until it beeps. This quick check helps monitor your dog’s health.

Worried about your dog’s health? Not sure if they have a fever? Many dog owners feel this way. It’s a common concern. Knowing your dog’s normal temperature is important. Knowing how to check it is even more helpful. You are in the right place. This guide makes it easy. We will walk you through each step. You will learn everything you need to know. Let’s make you a pro at keeping your furry friend healthy.

Why Knowing Your Dog’s Temperature Matters

Your dog cannot tell you if they feel unwell. They can’t say, “My head hurts,” or “I feel warm.” As a pet parent, you must be their voice. Checking their temperature is a key way to do this. It gives you a clear number. This number tells you if something might be wrong. It helps you decide if you need to call the vet.

A dog’s temperature is like a warning light. If it’s too high, it might mean a fever. A fever can point to infections or other serious issues. If it’s too low, it could mean hypothermia. This is also very serious. It can happen in cold weather or due to certain health problems.

Knowing how to take your dog’s temperature also helps you act fast. Early action can make a big difference. It can prevent small problems from becoming big ones. It can even save your dog’s life. This skill gives you peace of mind. It makes you a more prepared and responsible pet owner.

What is a Normal Dog Temperature?

Dogs have a higher normal body temperature than humans. A human’s normal temperature is about 98.6°F (37°C). A dog’s normal range is a bit warmer. It is usually between 101°F and 102.5°F (38.3°C and 39.2°C). This range is important to remember. Small changes within this range are often normal. But temperatures outside this range need attention.

Think of it as a healthy window. If your dog’s temperature is 101.5°F, that’s normal. If it’s 102°F, that’s also normal. But if it goes to 103°F, it’s a fever. If it drops to 99°F, it’s too low. Knowing this window helps you understand the reading on your thermometer.

Here’s a quick guide to normal and abnormal temperatures:

Temperature Range (Fahrenheit)	Temperature Range (Celsius)	Meaning	Action
Below 100°F	Below 37.8°C	Hypothermia (too low)	Emergency! Contact vet immediately.
101°F – 102.5°F	38.3°C – 39.2°C	Normal	Monitor if dog shows other symptoms.
102.6°F – 103.9°F	39.3°C – 39.9°C	Slightly elevated / Low-grade fever	Monitor closely. Contact vet if other symptoms appear or if it rises.
104°F and above	40°C and above	Fever (too high)	Emergency! Contact vet immediately.

Factors Affecting Normal Temperature

Just like humans, a dog’s temperature can change a little bit. Exercise can make it rise slightly. Stress or excitement can also cause a small increase. For example, a dog excited at the vet’s office might have a slightly higher reading. This is often temporary. It usually goes back to normal once they calm down.

Puppies and older dogs might have slightly different baseline temperatures. Puppies, especially very young ones, can have trouble regulating their body heat. Older dogs might have conditions that affect their temperature. Always consider your dog’s age and activity level when interpreting a reading.

When Should You Take Your Dog’s Temperature?

You don’t need to take your dog’s temperature every day. But there are times when it’s a very good idea. Pay attention to how your dog acts. Changes in behavior are often the first sign of a problem.

Here are times when you should check your dog’s temperature:

Lethargy: If your dog is unusually tired, sleepy, or unwilling to play.
Loss of Appetite: If your dog isn’t eating or drinking as much as usual.
Vomiting or Diarrhea: These can be signs of infection or illness.
Coughing or Sneezing: Especially if combined with other symptoms.
Warm Ears or Nose: While not a reliable sign of fever, it might make you wonder.
Shivering or Trembling: This can indicate fever or being too cold.
Changes in Gum Color: Pale or very red gums can be a concern.
After an Injury or Fight: To check for hidden infections.
Exposure to Extreme Temperatures: If your dog was in very hot or very cold weather.
Before or After Surgery: Your vet might recommend this.

If your dog shows any of these signs, taking their temperature can give you vital information. It helps you decide your next step. Always remember, if you are worried, it’s always best to call your veterinarian.

Types of Thermometers for Dogs

Not all thermometers are created equal for dogs. Some are better than others. It’s important to use the right type for an accurate reading. The most reliable method for dogs is a rectal temperature.

1. Digital Rectal Thermometer (Recommended)

Accuracy: This is the most accurate way to get a dog’s core body temperature. Vets use this method.
Availability: You can buy these at most pet stores, pharmacies, or online. Look for ones specifically designed for pets or general digital thermometers.
Features: Many digital thermometers give a reading quickly, often in 10-60 seconds. Some have flexible tips, which can be more comfortable for your dog.
Cost: They are usually affordable, ranging from $10-$30.
Safety: Make sure it’s clean before and after use. Use a pet-safe lubricant.

2. Ear (Tympanic) Thermometer

Accuracy: These are less accurate than rectal thermometers for dogs. A dog’s ear canal shape can make it hard to get a good reading. They also might not reflect core body temperature as well.
Ease of Use: They are easier to use for some dogs because they are less invasive.
Cost: Often more expensive than digital rectal thermometers.
Consideration: If you use one, always take several readings and compare them. They can be useful for tracking trends but are not ideal for a definitive diagnosis.

3. Forehead (Temporal Artery) Thermometer

Accuracy: These are designed for humans and are generally not accurate for dogs. A dog’s fur and skin thickness make it difficult to get a reliable reading.
Recommendation: Do not rely on these for your dog’s temperature.

4. Glass Mercury Thermometer

Accuracy: Can be accurate, but they take a long time to read (several minutes).
Safety Concern: They contain mercury, which is toxic if the thermometer breaks. They are also fragile.
Recommendation: Avoid these due to safety risks and the availability of safer, faster options.

The clear winner for accuracy and safety is the digital rectal thermometer. It’s a small investment that can provide crucial information when your dog isn’t feeling well.

Step-by-Step Guide: How to Take Your Dog’s Rectal Temperature

Taking your dog’s temperature might sound scary, but it’s usually quick and easy. With a little preparation and a calm approach, you can do it safely. Remember, practice makes perfect. Your dog will get used to it over time.

What You Will Need:

Digital Rectal Thermometer: The one you bought for pets or a standard digital one.
Pet-Safe Lubricant: Petroleum jelly (like Vaseline) or a water-based lubricant (like K-Y Jelly). Do NOT use oil-based lubricants not meant for pets.
Paper Towels or Tissues: For cleanup.
Treats: Lots of high-value treats to reward your dog.
Helper (Optional but Recommended): An extra set of hands can make the process much smoother, especially for nervous dogs.

The Steps:

Step 1: Prepare Your Dog and Supplies

Gather Everything: Make sure all your supplies are within reach before you start.
Calm Environment: Choose a quiet, comfortable spot where your dog feels safe. Avoid noisy or busy areas.
Calm Your Dog: Talk to your dog in a soothing voice. Pet them gently. Make them feel relaxed. If they are very stressed, wait until they calm down. You can offer a few treats to start.
Lubricate the Thermometer: Apply a generous amount of lubricant to the tip of the thermometer. Cover about 1 inch (2.5 cm) of the tip. This makes insertion much easier and more comfortable for your dog.

Step 2: Position Your Dog

Small Dogs: You can hold a small dog on your lap or on a table. Have them lie on their side or stand.
Medium to Large Dogs: It’s often easiest to have them stand. If you have a helper, one person can gently hold the dog’s head and offer treats. The other person can handle the thermometer.
Tail Up: Gently lift your dog’s tail straight up to expose the anus.

Step 3: Insert the Thermometer

Turn On Thermometer: Make sure the thermometer is on and ready to read.
Gentle Insertion: With your dog’s tail lifted, gently insert the lubricated tip of the thermometer into their rectum. Aim it slightly towards the side of the rectum, not straight up.
Depth: Insert it about 1 inch (2.5 cm) for most dogs. For very small puppies, 0.5 inches (1.25 cm) might be enough. You want the tip to be past the anal sphincter (the muscle that closes the anus).
Hold Still: Hold the thermometer firmly but gently in place. Do not let go. Your dog might try to sit down or move. Keep them still.

Step 4: Wait for the Reading

Be Patient: Digital thermometers usually beep when the reading is complete. This can take anywhere from 10 to 60 seconds.
Keep Dog Distracted: While waiting, continue to talk to your dog calmly. Offer more treats. Your helper can keep their attention with toys or praise.

Step 5: Remove and Read

Remove Gently: Once the thermometer beeps, gently remove it.
Read the Display: Note the temperature reading.
Clean Up: Use a paper towel to wipe the thermometer clean. Then, clean it thoroughly with rubbing alcohol or soap and water. Rinse well. Store it in a clean, safe place.
Reward Your Dog: Immediately give your dog lots of praise and their favorite treats. Make it a positive experience!

Tips for Success:

Stay Calm: Your dog can sense your stress. If you are calm, they are more likely to be calm.
Positive Reinforcement: Always reward your dog, even if the process was a bit difficult. This helps them associate temperature checks with good things.
Practice: If your dog is healthy, you can do a “mock” temperature check. Go through the motions without fully inserting the thermometer. Reward them. This helps them get used to the position and handling.
Know When to Stop: If your dog is very distressed, struggling a lot, or showing signs of aggression, stop. Do not force it. You might need your vet to take the temperature.

Alternative Methods (Less Accurate but Possible)

While the rectal method is the gold standard, some owners find it too difficult or their dog too resistant. There are other methods, but it’s crucial to understand their limitations.

1. Ear Thermometers (Tympanic)

As mentioned earlier, these are less accurate than rectal thermometers. They work by measuring heat waves from the eardrum. For dogs, getting a proper seal and aiming correctly can be tricky due to their ear canal shape. Ear infections or excessive ear wax can also affect readings. If you use one, take multiple readings and use them more for tracking trends rather than a definitive diagnosis of fever or hypothermia.

2. Armpit (Axillary) Thermometers

This method involves placing a digital thermometer in your dog’s armpit and holding their leg down to keep it in place. The skin-to-skin contact allows for a reading. However, this method is significantly less accurate than the rectal method. The temperature in the armpit is usually lower than the core body temperature. If you get a high reading here, it might indicate a fever, but a normal reading doesn’t rule one out. It’s often used as a preliminary check if a rectal reading is impossible.

3. Non-Contact Infrared Thermometers (Forehead/Body Scanners)

These are the “no-touch” thermometers you might see used for humans. They measure surface temperature. For dogs, their fur acts as an insulator, making these thermometers very unreliable for measuring core body temperature. They are not recommended for veterinary use.

In summary: If you cannot perform a rectal temperature check, an ear thermometer is a possible alternative, but be aware of its limitations. The armpit method is even less reliable. If you suspect your dog is unwell and cannot get an accurate temperature reading, always contact your veterinarian.

Understanding the Results: What Do Abnormal Temperatures Mean?

Once you have a temperature reading, you need to know what it means. A temperature outside the normal range (101°F to 102.5°F or 38.3°C to 39.2°C) is a sign that something is wrong. This is when you need to act.

Fever (Hyperthermia)

A fever in dogs is generally considered a temperature of 103°F (39.4°C) or higher. A temperature of 104°F (40°C) or above is a significant concern and usually requires immediate veterinary attention. High fevers can be very dangerous, leading to organ damage or even death if not treated quickly.

Causes of Fever:

Infections: Bacterial, viral, fungal, or parasitic infections are common causes. This includes kennel cough, distemper, parvovirus, tick-borne diseases, and more.
Inflammation: Autoimmune diseases or inflammatory conditions.
Toxins: Ingesting poisonous plants, chemicals, or certain medications.
Vaccine Reaction: A mild, temporary fever can occur after vaccination.
Heatstroke: Overheating due to hot weather, being left in a hot car, or excessive exercise. This is a medical emergency.
Unknown Origin: Sometimes, the cause of a fever is not immediately clear, known as Fever of Unknown Origin (FUO).

What to Do for a Fever:

Do NOT Give Human Medication: Never give your dog human fever reducers like Tylenol (acetaminophen) or ibuprofen. These are highly toxic to dogs and can cause severe organ damage or death.
Contact Your Vet: If your dog has a temperature of 103°F or higher, call your veterinarian immediately. Describe their symptoms and the temperature reading.
Cooling Measures (ONLY under vet guidance): Your vet might advise gentle cooling measures for very high fevers (e.g., wiping paws and ears with cool, not cold, water). Do not use ice baths, as this can cause shock.
Monitor: Keep an eye on your dog’s other symptoms until you can get to the vet.

Low Temperature (Hypothermia)

A dog’s temperature below 100°F (37.8°C) is considered low. Temperatures below 98°F (36.7°C) are severe and life-threatening. Hypothermia is just as serious as a high fever and requires immediate action.

Causes of Hypothermia:

Cold Exposure: Being out in cold weather for too long, especially for small, old, or thin dogs.
Shock: From injury, illness, or severe infection.
Underlying Illness: Conditions like kidney failure, heart disease, or an underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism).
Anesthesia: Body temperature can drop during and after surgery.
Newborn Puppies: Puppies, especially small ones, can easily get cold.

What to Do for Hypothermia:

Contact Your Vet: Call your veterinarian immediately. This is an emergency.
Warm Your Dog: Gently wrap your dog in warm blankets or towels. You can use warm (not hot) water bottles wrapped in towels and placed next to them. Do not use electric blankets or heating pads directly on their skin, as this can cause burns.
Move to a Warm Place: Get your dog into a warm, dry environment.
Monitor: Keep checking their temperature if possible, and report changes to your vet.

Knowing what these numbers mean empowers you to make informed decisions for your dog’s health. Always remember that an abnormal temperature, whether high or low, warrants a call to your vet.

Tips for a Stress-Free Temperature Check

Making the temperature-taking process as calm as possible benefits both you and your dog. Here are some tips to reduce stress and make it a positive experience:

Start Young (If Possible): If you have a puppy, gently handle their rear end from a young age. Pair it with treats and praise. This helps them get used to the sensation.
Choose the Right Time: Don’t try to take your dog’s temperature when they are already stressed, overly excited, or very active. Pick a quiet time when they are relaxed.
Use Positive Reinforcement: This is key! Every time you practice or take their temperature, reward them with their favorite high-value treats (e.g., cooked chicken, cheese, peanut butter). Give praise and gentle petting.
Go Slowly: Don’t rush. Take your time to prepare the thermometer and position your dog. If your dog gets stressed, take a break and try again later.
Have a Helper: An extra person can distract your dog with treats or toys while you handle the thermometer. This makes the process quicker and less stressful for everyone.
Lots of Lubricant: Don’t be shy with the lubricant. The more you use, the more comfortable the insertion will be.
Keep it Brief: Digital thermometers are great because they give a quick reading. The less time the thermometer is inserted, the better.
Stay Calm Yourself: Dogs pick up on our emotions. If you are anxious or stressed, your dog will be too. Take a deep breath and stay relaxed.
Practice Without the Thermometer: Before needing to take a real temperature, practice the positioning and tail lift. Reward your dog for calmly accepting this.
Distraction is Your Friend: A chew toy, a lick mat with peanut butter, or a constant stream of treats can keep your dog’s mind off what you are doing.

By making this a positive and calm experience, you can build trust with your dog. This will make future health checks much easier.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Even with the best intentions, it’s easy to make mistakes when taking your dog’s temperature. Avoiding these common pitfalls can help ensure an accurate reading and a less stressful experience for your dog.

Using the Wrong Thermometer: Do not use mercury thermometers due to safety risks. Avoid human forehead or ear thermometers, as they are often inaccurate for dogs. Stick to a digital rectal thermometer.
Insufficient Lubrication: Not using enough lubricant can make insertion painful or uncomfortable for your dog, leading to resistance. Be generous with petroleum jelly or a water-based lubricant.
Improper Insertion Depth: Inserting the thermometer too shallowly will give an inaccurate, usually lower, reading. Make sure it goes in about 1 inch (2.5 cm) past the anal sphincter.
Not Holding Still: If the thermometer moves around or falls out, the reading will be wrong. Hold it firmly in place until it beeps.
Forcing It: If your dog is severely resisting or showing signs of aggression, do not force the thermometer. This can injure them or make them fearful of future attempts. Stop and seek veterinary help.
Not Cleaning the Thermometer: Always clean the thermometer thoroughly with rubbing alcohol or soap and water after each use to prevent the spread of bacteria.
Giving Human Medications: This is a critical mistake. Never give your dog human fever reducers like acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin). They are highly toxic and can cause severe, often fatal, organ damage.
Ignoring Other Symptoms: A temperature reading is just one piece of the puzzle. Always consider your dog’s overall behavior, appetite, and other symptoms.
Panicking: Your stress can transfer to your dog. Stay calm, speak in soothing tones, and reward good behavior.

By being mindful of these common mistakes, you can perform a temperature check safely and effectively, providing your vet with the best possible information.

When to Contact Your Veterinarian

Taking your dog’s temperature is a helpful first step, but it doesn’t replace professional veterinary care. Knowing when to call your vet is crucial for your dog’s health.

You should contact your veterinarian immediately if:

Your dog’s temperature is 103°F (39.4°C) or higher. This indicates a fever that needs attention.
Your dog’s temperature is below 100°F (37.8°C). This indicates hypothermia, which is also an emergency.
Your dog’s temperature is within the normal range, but they are showing other severe symptoms like:
- Severe lethargy or weakness
- Repeated vomiting or diarrhea
- Difficulty breathing
- Collapse or unconsciousness
- Uncontrolled shivering or trembling
- Pale or blue gums
- Signs of severe pain
You are unable to take your dog’s temperature safely, but you suspect they are unwell.
You have any concerns or questions about your dog’s health, even if their temperature is normal. Trust your instincts as a pet owner.

It’s always better to be safe than sorry. A quick phone call to your vet can provide peace of mind or guide you on the next steps. Be prepared to tell them your dog’s temperature, their symptoms, and when these symptoms started. This information helps your vet give you the best advice.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Can I use a human thermometer on my dog?

A: Yes, you can use a standard digital rectal thermometer designed for humans. These are often quicker and more readily available than pet-specific ones. However, do NOT use forehead, ear, or glass mercury thermometers designed for humans, as they are inaccurate or unsafe for dogs.

Q2: My dog’s nose is warm and dry. Does that mean they have a fever?

A: No, a warm or dry nose is not a reliable indicator of a fever. A dog’s nose temperature can vary throughout the day for many reasons. The only accurate way to tell if your dog has a fever is by taking their rectal temperature with a thermometer.

Q3: How often should I check my dog’s temperature?

A: You don’t need to check it regularly if your dog is healthy. Only take their temperature if they are showing signs of illness, such as lethargy, loss of appetite, vomiting, diarrhea, or any other unusual behavior that concerns you. If your vet has advised you to monitor it, follow their specific instructions.

Q4: What if my dog resists taking their temperature?

A: If your dog resists, try to stay calm and use plenty of treats and praise. Having a helper can also make a big difference. If they are very stressed or aggressive, stop. Forcing it can cause injury or make them more fearful. In such cases, it’s best to contact your veterinarian and let them take the temperature.

Q5: Can stress or excitement affect my dog’s temperature?

A: Yes, stress, excitement, or recent vigorous exercise can cause a slight temporary increase in your dog’s body temperature. This is usually a small rise and will return to normal once they calm down. If the temperature is significantly high (e.g., 103°F or above) or your dog shows other signs of illness, it’s likely more than just stress.

Q6: What should I do if my dog’s temperature is only slightly elevated (e.g., 102.8°F)?

A: A temperature slightly above the normal range, like 102.8°F, might not be an immediate emergency if your dog is otherwise acting normal. Monitor them closely for other symptoms (lethargy, not eating, etc.). If the temperature rises further, other symptoms appear, or if you’re concerned, call your vet for advice.

Q7: Can I use an ear thermometer instead of a rectal one?

A: Ear thermometers designed for pets can be used, but they are generally less accurate than rectal thermometers. It can be challenging to get a proper reading due to the dog’s ear canal shape and potential ear wax. If you use one, take several readings and be aware that they might not reflect the dog’s true core body temperature as reliably as a rectal thermometer.